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24 Feb 2021 - 06:17 am

Влагомеры нефти производят замеры комплексного сопротивления водной эмульсии нефти, которая протекает по датчику. Само значение комплексного сопротивления находится в неразрывной связи от количества воды. Эту взаимосвязь рассчитывает специальный контроллер и выдает результат.

Вообще, влагомеры нефти могут работать, используя один из трех методов измерения:

- диэлькометрический метод,
- микроволновый метод,
- оптический метод.

Также существуют комбинированные приборы, но методика работы, в любом случае, от этого не изменяется.

Итак, Диэлькометрический метод измерения – суть метода состоит в том, что диэлектрическая проницаемость эмульсии прямо пропорциональна содержанию воды в ней. Электрод преобразователя, в зависимости от количества воды, изменяет емкость нагрузки, в результате чего изменяется частота выходного сигнала. Особенностью приборов, использующих данный метод, является то, что они способны работать при содержании не более 60% воды в нефти.

Микроволновый метод измерения базируется на том факте, что нефтяная эмульсия способна поглощать микроволновое излучение. Процесс измерения проводится в два этапа: сперва, измерительный и эталонный генераторы волн прибора настраивают на одну частоту, а после заполнения датчика нефтяной смесью, производят повторную настройку. Разница, между значениями настройки до и после наполнения чаши датчика, и служит мерой влажности. Такая мера, по специальным графикам, может быть переведена в относительные показатели (процентные значения). Микроволновым является потоковый влагомер нефти МВН-1,3.

Суть оптического метода состоит в том, что водонефтяная смесь проверяется на просвет, т.е. измеряются её оптические свойства (светопропускание).

Как правило, влагомер нефти конструктивно состоит из первичного преобразователя, в котором находятся датчики, а также, блока для обработки и вывода данных.

Влагомеры сырой нефти ВСН-2 предназначены для измерения объ?мной доли воды (в %) в нефти, нефтепродуктах и других жидкостях органического происхождения после сепарации газа при транспортировке по технологическим трубопроводам. Описание средства измерений. Принцип действия... - https://sankt-peterburg.neftel.ru/vlagomery-syroj-nefti-vsn-2-naznachenie-sredstva-izmerenij

По сфере применения, влагомеры нефти принято разделять на три группы:

1) Поточные влагомеры нефти – предназначаются для использования при подготовке нефтесырья перед переработкой, а также в системах последующего контроля качества. Работа поточных влагомеров строится на измерении сопротивления эмульсии нефти, проходящей через прибор. Сопротивление при этом зависит, непосредственно, от содержания воды в нефти и нефтепродуктах. Поточный влагомер предназначается для постоянного проведения измерений в автоматическом режиме, без участия человека.

Примером поточного влагомера является влагомер сырой нефти серии ВСН-2 и полнопоточный влагомер сырой нефти ВСН-2-ПП. Также поточным является влагомер УДВН-1ПМ, который можно было бы отнести к лабораторным, из-за высокой точности получаемых результатов.

2) Лабораторные влагомеры нефти – предназначаются для применения в научных лабораториях для максимально качественного анализа образцов нефти в целях контроля её качества. Такие измерения проводятся специально для определения уровня качества нефти, которая отправляется от нефтедобывающей компании заказчику. Лабораторным является влагомер нефти УДВН-1Л.

3) Мобильные влагомеры нефти – по сути, это те же лабораторные влагомеры, однако, обладающие встроенным автономным питанием от аккумулятора. Такие приборы хорошо подходят для проведения измерений в «полевых» рабочих условиях.В качестве примера мобильного прибора приведем влагомер нефти УДВН-1ЛМ.

Таким образом, для оперативного замера содержания влаги в жидких углеводородах могут быть использованы различные виды влагомеров нефти. Влагомеры экономичны, надежны, просты в эксплуатации и абсолютно безопасны, поскольку не требуют применения какой либо химии. Влагомеры нефти – это универсальные приборы, поскольку, сфера их применения не ограничивается только сырой нефтью. Такие приборы могут быть использованы для замеров влажности трансформаторного, моторного, турбинного масел в энергетике, морском и речном транспорте.

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18 Feb 2021 - 04:00 pm

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18 Feb 2021 - 02:11 pm

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